Research

My research centers on perception and sensor fusion for autonomous systems, risk-sensitive locomotion and navigation in unstructured environments, embodied AI for assistive robots, and collaborative multi-agent systems.

Read more about my work on risk-sensitive locomotion and navigation, embodied scene understanding, generative occupancy for exploration, and multi-agent coordination under communication constraints. You can also see my talks, or my projects on their own page.

Research threads

Risk-sensitive locomotion and navigation In preparation

This work uses distributional reinforcement learning, which models the whole distribution of outcomes rather than just the expected return, to learn navigation and locomotion policies for quadruped agents that account for risk directly.

Spot training in Isaac Lab, progressing through a terrain curriculum from stair pyramids to rough ground.
A quadruped robot standing on simulated rough terrain, surrounded by a grid of sampled height points
A quadruped sampling terrain around it in simulation while training with distributional reinforcement learning.

Embodied scene understanding

A robot tidying a home has to answer a question that object recognition alone cannot: where does this object belong? A book could reasonably go on a shelf, a desk, or a nightstand, and what breaks the tie is the inhabitant's routine, which is almost never stated outright. ECHO is a large synthetic dataset for studying this. It pairs dense RGB-D scans of indoor scenes with recordings of an embodied human carrying everyday objects to where they belong, plus a one-sentence description of the routine that implies the destination, and poses contextual object placement as a benchmark task.

Title card reading ECHO: Embodied Camera Observations of Human Object Carrying, over a panoramic view of a bright living room

Papers

In review2026

ECHO: Embodied Camera Observations of Human Object Carrying

Xuefei Sun, Lorin Achey, Kali Hamilton, Alberto Speranzon, Gregory Grebe, Yonatan Bisk, Christoffer Heckman

3,805 human-annotated object-carrying episodes across 159 floors of 115 HM3D scenes. No single input modality is enough to predict where an object belongs.

Generative occupancy for exploration

Robots normally plan only over geometry they have directly measured, so they stall when they turn a corner or enter a new room. This thread trains diffusion models to predict the geometry that has not been seen yet, fuses those predictions into a live occupancy map without ever overwriting observed space, and uses the result to keep exploring instead of pausing.

Watch Generative occupancy mapping running live on a Spot robot.
A Boston Dynamics Spot robot mapping an indoor space, with the predicted occupancy map alongside

Papers

IROS2024

SceneSense: Diffusion Models for 3D Occupancy Synthesis from Partial Observation

Alec Reed, Brendan Crowe, Doncey Albin, Lorin Achey, Bradley Hayes, Christoffer Heckman

IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

Predicts occluded and out-of-view geometry in real time from a single RGB-D camera, without ever overwriting observed space.

Diffusion pipeline predicting 3D occupancy at the exploration frontier

ICRA2025

Online Diffusion-Based 3D Occupancy Prediction at the Frontier with Probabilistic Map Reconciliation

Alec Reed, Lorin Achey, Brendan Crowe, Bradley Hayes, Christoffer Heckman

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

73% faster runtime with minimal accuracy loss, extending prediction across the whole map rather than just around the robot.

Autonomous Robots2026

Robust Robotic Exploration and Mapping Using Generative Occupancy Map Synthesis

Lorin Achey, Alec Reed, Brendan Crowe, Bradley Hayes, Christoffer Heckman

Autonomous Robots (Springer)

Deployed on a quadruped in real-world experiments: 24% better map fidelity around the robot and 76% better at range.

Multi-agent coordination under communication constraints

When a team of robots explores somewhere the radio does not reach, the hard problem stops being perception and becomes deciding where and when to transmit. This work plans transmission locations from signal strength and payload size, so agents share what they have found without backtracking to meet.

Watch A sixty-second summary of the multi-agent exploration work.
Two robots exploring a subterranean course during a timed multi-agent run

Papers

In review2026

RF-Modulated Adaptive Communication Improves Multi-Agent Robotic Exploration

Lorin Achey, Breanne Crockett, Christoffer Heckman, Bradley Hayes

Across 480+ simulated cave environments, cut distance travelled by up to 58% and exploration time by up to 52%.

Talks